Oral ulcer

Mouth ulcers, also known as "aphthous ulcers," are superficial ulcers that occur on the oral mucosa, ranging in size from rice grains to the size of soybeans, round or oval, with the surface of the ulcer being concave and congested. Ulcers have the characteristics of periodicity, recurrence, and self-limiting, and they occur in the lips, cheeks, and tongue. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Incentives may be local trauma, mental stress, changes in food, medication, hormone levels, and lack of vitamins or trace elements. Systemic diseases, genetics, immunity, and microorganisms may play important roles in their occurrence and development. The treatment is mainly local, and severe cases require systemic treatment.