Partial pulmonary vein ectopic connection in children

Partial pulmonary vein ectopic connection refers to the abnormal drainage of one or several (but not all) pulmonary veins of the four pulmonary veins, which directly or indirectly connects to the right atrium. Normally, the pulmonary veins are connected to the left atrium. Pediatric complete pulmonary venous ectopic connection means that all pulmonary veins directly or through the venous system access the right atrium. This situation has a poor prognosis. If no surgical treatment is taken, 75% of children die within 1 year of age.