Parasitic arthritis

Parasitic disease is endemic in many developing countries and is also spread in developed countries. After infection with parasites, the clinical manifestations are different. Some patients have no symptoms, but some have a variety of clinical manifestations. Parasitic arthritis, clinically, bone and joint diseases caused by parasitic infections are rare. To date, at least more than 20 parasites can directly or indirectly damage human bone and joint systems. They can cause lesions in bone tissue, joints, and bone marrow, or prevent normal bone growth, or cause bone deformities in the fetus. In parasitic infections, joint involvement is low. The diagnosis is mainly based on: ① history of living or traveling in the affected area; ② clinical manifestations of infection caused by parasites invading the intestine or tissues; ③ acute or chronic disease, single or multiple joint arthritis; ④ ineffective against antibacterial inflammation ; ⑤ After eradication of parasites, joint symptoms disappear. Arthritis can be caused directly by parasites that reside in the muscles around the joints, or by metabolites of the parasites, or by immune responses.