Pediatric atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD) refers to atrial-level communication caused by defects in any part of the atrial septum, and refers to the holes in the atrial septum except for the unopened oval hole. Simple atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, with an incidence of approximately 0.6 permil; Most are sporadic and have a family tendency. Holt-Oram syndrome is ASD with upper limb (radial) deformity. The atrial septal defect caused by the developmental defect of the endocardial cushion is located in the lower part of the atrial septum, and the primary foramen atrial septal defect (ostium primordium ASD) above the atrioventricular valve is not included in the scope of this disease.