Radiation thyroiditis

Ionizing radiation can cause different changes in the human thyroid. The incidence of benign and malignant tumors at low doses (10 to 1500 rad) is significantly increased, and changes in thyroid function and thyroiditis are more common with larger doses. These changes are related to the dose and type of radiation, Exposure time, individual differences such as age, gender, and genetics. Hypothyroidism is the most common manifestation of direct thyroid injury. Direct thyroid exposure can produce a variety of thyroid diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves disease, Grayes exophthalmos with normal thyroid function, syndromes similar to asymptomatic thyroiditis, thyroid cysts, single or multiple benign nodules, and nipples , Follicular or mixed thyroid cancer.