Pediatric neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) has evolved from primitive neural crest cells. Sympathetic nerve chains and adrenal medulla are the most common primary sites. Different ages, tumorigenesis sites, and different degrees of tissue differentiation make their biological characteristics and clinical manifestations very different. Some of them can naturally regress or transform into benign tumors, but others are very difficult to treat and have a poor prognosis. In the past 30 years, the prognosis of infantile or early NB has improved significantly, but the prognosis of older patients is still very poor. There are many factors that can influence prognosis in NB, and age and stage are still the most important factors.