Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas

Glioma of brain stem accounts for 10% to 20% of children's nervous system tumors, and the average age of onset is 5 to 9 years. Divided into 5 types: limited type, cystic type, external growth type, cervical medullary junction type and internal invasive tumor. The first four types are mostly low-grade gliomas, while the internal invasive tumors are mostly high-grade gliomas and may have metastases. There are often corresponding neurological disorders, such as skewed eyes and mouth, swallowing cyanosis (VI, Ⅶ, phrenic nerve damage), staggered walking and limb ataxia (cerebellar damage), etc. The symptoms of cranial hypertension are relatively few.