Congenital nephrotic syndrome in children

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) refers to nephrotic syndrome that develops within 3 months after birth. It has the same clinical manifestations as pediatric nephrotic syndrome, and its etiology, pathological changes, and prognosis are different from those of older children or adults. The main manifestations are massive proteinuria, high edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia at birth or within 3 months after birth.