Branchial fissure cysts and fistulas

Branchial cyst and fistula, 76% to 90% are evolved from the second branchial fissure and the pharyngeal sac embryonic residual tissue, and less from the first or third to fifth branchial fissure and pharyngeal Come. The clinical manifestation is that the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle between the mandibular angle and the upper fossa of the sternum has a slowly enlarged, unpushable mass and / or fistula, and the fistula has a transparent mucus overflow. The local skin is red, swollen, and tender when infected, and it causes pain or difficulty swallowing. If the first branchial fissure cyst and fistula are complicated by hearing impairment and renal dysfunction, then the Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome is considered. Clinical surgical resection is an effective treatment.