Skull fracture and related malformations

Skull fractures and related malformations are neural tube closure incomplete deformities. The embryonic ganglion formed and developed into a nerve groove toward the tail. On the 21st day, the neural crests on both sides of the nerve groove were rolled into the dorsal median and fused into a neural tube. The fusion started from the thoracic segment to the head and tail, and the tail closed at the second week, and the head closed about 2 days earlier than the tail. After the neural tube was closed, it gradually separated from the epidermis and moved to the deep part of the body wall. The head of the neural tube develops into brain vesicles, and the rest develops into the spinal cord. At 11 weeks of the embryo, the bony spinal canal was completely healed. Cranial fissure or spina bifida may occur when the neural tube is affected by internal and external factors.