Bladder agenesis and hypoplasia

Agenesis of bladder is caused by abnormal reproductive development of the urethra and is rare. Often accompanied by deformities of the upper urinary tract and other systemic organs, may be accompanied by renal agenesis. Male children may be accompanied by a lack of prostate and seminal vesicles. Both men and women may have severe ectopic opening of the ureter. Even after survival, they often die due to upper urinary tract infection. The small bladder can be abnormal or hypoplastic. Developmental abnormalities are seen in repeated bladder eversion or semi-bladder eversion. The bladder is small, fibrotic, and difficult to expand. A stunted bladder may have the potential to expand, as seen in severe urinary incontinence, complete upper urethral fissure, and bilateral single ectopic ureteral orifices.