Retrograde pyelography

Retrograde pyelography means that under cystoscopy, a ureteral catheter is inserted into the ureter and a contrast agent is injected to fill the kidneys, kidneys, and ureters to observe the whole urinary tract. The advantage of this angiography method is that the imaging is clear, and it is not affected by the natural secretory function of the kidney. However, because the test is painful and prone to retrograde infection, it is often used selectively.