scanning electron microscope

The manufacturing of a scanning electron microscope is based on the interaction of electrons with matter. When a high-energy human beam of electrons strikes the surface of matter, the excited region will generate secondary electrons, Auger electrons, characteristic x-rays and continuum x-rays, backscattered electrons, transmitted electrons, and visible, ultraviolet, and infrared Electromagnetic radiation from light areas. At the same time, electron-hole pairs, lattice vibrations (phonons), and electronic oscillations (plasma) can also be generated. In principle, by using the interaction of electrons and substances, information on various physical and chemical properties of the sample itself can be obtained, such as morphology, composition, crystal structure, electronic structure, and internal electric or magnetic fields.