Vanilla mandelic acid
Vanillyl mandelic acid is the final metabolite of adrenaline and norepinephrine. Urinary vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) determination is helpful for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and thyroid disease. Increases are seen in pheochromocytoma, sympathetic neuroblastoma, primary hypertension, and hypothyroidism. The reduction is seen in hyperthyroidism, primary chronic adrenal insufficiency, and so on.
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