Urinary tract rupture

The male urethra is a muscular mucosal tube, about 20 cm long, which can be divided into two sections, with the urogenital ridge as the boundary. The anterior urethra is a sponge body, including the head, penis, and bulb, with a total length of 15 cm. The posterior urethra includes a membrane and a prostate, and is about 5 cm long. The male urethra has two curvatures below the pubic bone and the anterior pubic bone. The subpubic curve is basically fixed, while the prepubic curve disappears when the penis is attached to the lower abdomen. The back of the urethra is shorter than the ventral surface and is fixed. When the penis is in a flaccid state, there is a majority of folds on the ventral surface of the urethra. The urethral mucosa is rich in glands and soft in nature; the submucosal tissue is rich in blood supply. Male urethra is susceptible to injury due to its anatomical characteristics. Male urethral injury is a common emergency in urology, which can cause complications such as extravasation, infection, urethral stricture and fistula. Women's urethra is short and rarely damaged. However, during difficult delivery, compressing the fetal head or applying forceps can cause damage and produce a urethral vaginal fistula. Urethral injury can only damage the mucous membrane or contusion of the urethral wall, but most of them damage the entire layer and cause urethral rupture. This rupture can be vertical or transverse, partial laceration, or complete cut, so that the broken end is up Retraction, there is a gap and misalignment between the two ends. Hematuria may occur after a full-thickness urethral laceration. The range of hematuria extravasation varies depending on the location and degree of urethral injury. Familiar with the anatomy of the perineum is very helpful to understand the scope of hematuria extravasation.