Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is one of the most common diseases of the orbit. In the past, there were many names, such as thyroid eye disease, thyroid toxic eye disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy, endocrine exophthalmos, exophthalmos goiter, thyroid-related orbital disease, malignant exophthalmos and invasive exophthalmos. Graves described the clinical manifestations of toxic goiter in 1835, so most scholars call it Graves' disease. In 1840, Basedow discussed in detail from the perspective of ophthalmology, so it is also called Basedow disease. To distinguish between those with simple eye signs and those with hyperthyroidism, those with ocular symptoms and hyperthyroidism are usually called Graves 'eye disease, while those without hyperthyroidism and their history are called ocular Graves' disease. About 10% of patients have normal or mildly abnormal thyroid function, which is ocular Graves disease. Weetman believes that it is best to call it thyroid-related eye disease, in order to emphasize that in addition to eye signs, the disease can also be accompanied by varying degrees of thyroid symptoms, a name that has gradually been accepted by scholars.