Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Clinically, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltration, and skin and eye damage are the main manifestations. Granulomatous nodules can invade various organs in the body. Common in young adults, more than 90% of the clinical changes in the lungs, characterized by double hilar lymphadenopathy, lung infiltration, eye and skin damage. The liver, spleen, lymph nodes, salivary glands, heart, nervous system, muscles, bones and other organs can also be affected. A diagnosis can be made with typical clinical and X-ray findings and histologically with non-cheese epithelial cell granulomas, but other granulomatous diseases should be excluded. The immunological characteristics of the disease are suppression of skin-like delayed allergic reactions and enhanced immune response of type I helper T cells (TH1). At the same time, increased circulating immune complexes and B cell responses are seen.