Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common pediatric kidney disease. It is a clinical syndrome in which glomerular basement membrane permeability is increased and a large amount of protein is lost from urine due to various causes. The main features are massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, and hypercholesterolemia. According to its clinical manifestations, it is divided into three types: simple nephropathy, nephritis nephropathy and congenital nephropathy. In children under 5 years of age, the pathological type of nephrotic syndrome is mostly micro-lesion type, while the pathological type of older children is mostly non-micro-type (including mesangial proliferative nephritis, focal segmental sclerosis, etc.).