Leukocyte antigen

HLA is Human Leucocyte Antigen, which is a human histocompatibility system. This is a group of antigens widely distributed on the surface of human nucleated cells, controlled by the short arm of human chromosome 6. There are at least five HLA gene loci, namely HLA-A, B, C, D, and DR loci. DP and DQ loci have been identified in recent years. HLA is highly polymorphic, with at least two alleles per locus. Therefore, a series of antigen-specific antigen specificity can be identified in the population. Therefore, in clinical organ transplantation, in addition to identical twins, donors and recipients need to undergo strict HLA typing in addition to matching ABO blood types to select individuals with the same or similar HLA.