Semen fructose

Fructose in seminal plasma is produced by enzymatic conversion of blood glucose and is secreted by the seminal vesicle glands. It is the source of sperm activity. Sperm axis filament contraction depends on ATP for energy, and ATP can be produced by catabolism of fructose, so reducing the concentration of sperm and berry sugar will weaken the sperm motility and affect the fertilization rate. Because the seminal vesicle glands are very sensitive to androgen stimulation, and the secretion of fructose is controlled by androgens, many scholars have taken the concentration of human refined berry sugar as an indirect measure of testosterone activity.